![]() To summarize, radicalization is a process of developing extremist beliefs, emotions, and behaviors. The extremist beliefs are zeal or profound convictions and the extremist behaviors are reactions that deviate from the norm ( Klein and Kruglanski, 2013). The methods show disregard for others’ life, liberty, and human rights ( Neuman, 2010). Extremist political ideologies oppose the fundamental values of society and the principles of democracy and universal human rights by advocating racial, political, social, economic, and religious supremacy. How extremism is defined in literature? Extremism refers both to political ideologies and to methods through which political actors try to achieve their aims. Schmid (2013) conceptualized radicalization as being both an individual and group process, whereby political actors and groups that are politically polarized renounce dialog, agreement, and tolerance and use either non-violent pressure and coercion, or various forms of political violence including violent extremism (terrorism and war crimes). Radicalization is a process by which people develop extremist ideologies and beliefs ( Borum, 2011). Department of Homeland Security’s definition of radicalization as embracing extremist beliefs that support violence as a method to effect societal change. From a descriptive point of view, radicalization refers to a change in beliefs, feelings, and behaviors that justify intergroup violence and the demand for sacrifice in defending the own group. From a functional point of view, radicalization is defined as an enhanced preparation for intergroup conflict and an accentuated engagement to it. McCauley and Moskalenko (2008) present both a functional and a descriptive definition of radicalization. Many authors have offered definitions of radicalization. The final part deals with directions regarding prevention/intervention programs from a rational emotive and behavioral perspective, and also from the perspective of European policies. ![]() ![]() A complete and clear conceptualization is crucial for developing prevention/intervention programs and good practices in dealing with this process which has been spreading in the past years. Starting from this point, a rational emotive and behavioral conceptualization on radicalization has been developed, bringing together all the concepts and knowledge in the field. A complete inroad to psychological mechanism involved in the process of radicalization is offered in order to have a broad image regarding current research in the field. The extremist emotions and behaviors may be expressed both in non-violent pressure and coercion and in actions that deviate from the norm and show contempt for life, freedom, and human rights. ![]() The extremist beliefs are profound convictions opposesd to the fundamental values of society, the laws of democracy and the universal human rights, advocating the supremacy of a certain group (racial, religious, political, economic, social etc.). Radicalization is a process of developing extremist beliefs, emotions, and behaviors. The aim of this paper is to offer a broad image on radicalization and extremist acts and to bring a new perspective for the conceptualization of radicalization. Extremist acts and the process of radicalizations got into researchers’ attention worldwide since 2001.
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